Boundary layer flow adjacent to a vertical plate with constant surface temperature

The development of velocity and thermal boundary layers induced by a free stream adjacent to a vertical plate with constant surface temperature was studied. The governing partial differential equations were reduced to ordinary ones by a similarity transformation, before being solved numerically. Both assisting and opposing flows were considered. It was found that the solution was unique for the assisting flow, while dual solutions were found to exist for the opposing flow. The heat transfer rate at the surface was found to increase with both the buoyancy force and the Prandtl number

Enhancement Of Cleaner Production Assessment To Identify Workplace Waste And Hazard By Value Stream Mapping

Throughout the years of industrialization, our environment has become severely polluted and contaminated. Sustainable management aims to recover, recycle, reuse and reduce wastes from industrial productions. To counter this problem, the Cleaner Production (CP) is a preventive, company-specific environmental protection initiatives, intended to minimize waste and emissions and maximize product output became an option to the put forward. In order to sustain their businesses, the companies used several methods, such as Lean Manufacturing (LM) as a powerful means employed to improve efficacy in the manufacturing field and get rid of muda (Japanese word for “waste”). By means of utilizing a set of tools to improve the manufacturing system for instance capable to eliminate the waste and hazard along the process flow. One of the influential lean visualizing tools known as Value Stream Mapping (VSM) have been used. But previous research has shown that the conventional VSM is difficult to apply to identify the workplace waste and hazard. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the practicality of the VSM with an extended approach introduced from United State Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and by the Department of Environment Malaysia was synchronized together known as Cleaner Production Value Stream Mapping (CPVSM) to assess wastes and hazard while promoting sustainable manufacturing. The findings of this study will help by implementing LM, many organizations relish cost reduction, process optimization, improve the quality of the product, improve the production process, reduce the pollution load to the environment and minimize hazards to the workers. To evaluate the CPVSM application, two case studies of local SME’s companies have been successfully implemented. Through this study, the author has investigated and recommended the CPVSM is one of the best, cheapest and holistic methods to identify waste and hazard in the manufacturing process. An extensive array of study outcomes also confirms that the waste and hazard has been easily identified in every possible source. Moreover, the CPVSM method also facilitates the focus on the relevant workstations on improving the Kaizen performance. In addition, this finding can be demonstrated through the previous Malaysian Green Industry Audit method with complicated reporting procedures, difficult to understand, especially for the Lean Practicioner (LP) and hence require substantial monetary funding to carry out Kaizen activities in the industry. In conclusion, the author can verify that through the synergy between CP method through CPVSM, a comprehensive form of discovery and classification of the waste and hazard can easily be implemented to help the industry to perform improvements. This CPVSM has been used to disclose the hot spots of wastes and potential hazards in the operation flows, applied to improve the current state of the operating conditions and to create a better future state process. This study aims to obtain a new testimony by using the CPVSM to identify the wastes and hazards to boost the benefits of economic, environmental controls and societal impact to the manufacturing sectors

Similarity solutions for the stagnation-point flow and heat transfer over a nonlinearly stretching/shrinking sheet

This paper presents a numerical analysis of a stagnation-point flow towards a nonlinearly stretching/shrinking sheet immersed in a viscous fluid. The stretching/shrinking velocity and the external flow velocity impinges normal to the stretching/shrinking sheet are assumed to be in the form U ~ xm, where m is a constant and x is the distance from the stagnation point. The governing partial differential equations are converted into ordinary ones by a similarity transformation, before being solved numerically. The variations of the skin friction coefficient and the heat transfer rate at the surface with the governing parameters are graphed and tabulated. Different from a stretching sheet, it is found that the solutions for a shrinking sheet are non-unique for m > 1/3

Boundary layer flow and heat transfer over a permeable shrinking sheet with partial slip

The steady, laminar flow of an incompressible viscous fluid over a shrinking permeable sheet is investigated. The governing partial differential equations are transformed into ordinary differential equations using similarity transformation, before being solved numerically by the shooting method. The features of the flow and heat transfer characteristics for different values of the slip parameter and Prandtl number are analyzed and discussed. The results indicate that both the skin friction coefficient and the heat transfer rate at the surface increase as the slip parameter increases

Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) Jeffrey fluid over a stretching vertical surface in a porous medium

This paper presents the study of steady two-dimensional mixed convection boundary layer flow and heat transfer of a Jeffrey fluid over a stretched sheet immersed in a porous medium in the presence of a transverse magnetic field. The governing partial differential equations are reduced to nonlinear ordinary differential equations with the aid of similarity transformation, which are then solved numerically using an implicit finite difference scheme. The effects of some of the embedded parameters, such as Deborah number β, magnetic parameter M, mixed convection parameter λ, porosity parameter γ and Prandtl number Pr, on the flow and heat transfer characteristics, are given in forms of tables and graphs

The relationship quality in franchise networks: Is it important to performance?

The concept of relationship quality evolved from relational marketing theory, and provided the impetus for a paradigm shift from transactional relationships to more cooperative and service-centred relationships in business-to-business processes. In the marketing literature, relationship quality has been considered a key component in relationship marketing and business-to-business relationship exchange such as buyer-seller, exporter-importer and franchisor-franchisee. In franchising, the key to a successful franchise system is dependent on the effectiveness of franchise relationship management where both parties are characterized by mutual interdependence and cooperation. Despite the importance of this topic in franchising, very little is known about how to develop effective franchisor-franchisee RQ and how it impact performance/loyalty. Therefore, this paper investigates relationship quality in franchise networks towards the firms’ performance and loyalty from a franchisee‘s perceptive. It also discusses three elements of the franchisor-franchisee relationship quality namely: trust, commitment and satisfaction. The paper examines the interactions of relationship quality towards a firm’s performance and loyalty in the franchise network

Stagnation-point flow towards a vertical plate embedded in a porous medium

The steady stagnation-point flow towards a heated vertical surface embedded in a porous medium is investigated. The governing partial differential equations are reduced to a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations using a similarity transformation. The shooting method is used to solve the similarity equations for different values of the mixed convection parameter. The features of the flow and heat transfer characteristics are analyzed and discussed. It is found that dual solutions exist for both assisting and opposing flows. The skin friction coefficient and the local Nusselt number increase as the mixed convection parameter increases

The Impacts of Relational Norms and Relationship Quality on Franchise Firm’s Performance: The empirical of Malaysian Franchisee

Franchising is one of the best way for expanding a business in the competitive industry and global market. Franchising industries are growing rapidly in most countries and have contributed to the growth of gross domestic product. This study adopts a quantitative approach, applying a cross-sectional study. This study attempts to examine empirically relational mechanisms which may influence the relationship quality and business performance in franchising relationship from franchisees perspective. The findings reveal that relational mechanisms are crucial in affecting franchisee relationship quality. The results provide strong evidence that franchisee relationship quality is found to significantly affect business performance in the franchise system

Mixed convection boundary layer flow over a permeable vertical cylinder with prescribed surface heat flux.

In this study we investigate the steady mixed convection boundary layer flow along a permeable vertical cylinder with prescribed surface heat flux. The free stream velocity and the surface heat flux are assumed to vary linearly with the distance from the leading edge. The governing system of partial differential equations is first transformed into a system of ordinary differential equations, and the transformed equations are solved numerically for both assisting and opposing flow regimes using two different methods, namely the Keller-box method and the NAG routine D02HAF. The features of the flow and heat transfer characteristics for different values of the governing parameters are analyzed and discussed. Dual solutions for the previously studied mixed convection boundary layer flow over an impermeable surface of the cylinder are shown to exist also in the present problem for aiding and opposing flow situations

The franchising relationship quality: Is it important?

The concept of relationship quality (RQ) evolved from relational marketing theory, and it provided the impetus for a paradigm shift from transactional relationships to more cooperative and service-centered relationships in business-to-business (B2B) processes. While RQ is a major trend in business management, considerable confusion and disagreement persist regarding what constitute the dimensions, outcomes and impacts of RQ. This paper looks at RQ from the perspectives of B2B, particularly in franchising. A meta-analysis of the literature on the subject is undertaken to ascertain how RQ has been conceptualized, in terms of its dimensions, and impact on business performance